Year: 2026

Comparative Crowd Dynamics: Analyzing Space Expansion and Flow in Makkah and Karbala

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Case Studies

Managing hyper-dense crowds during global religious events presents a profound challenge to contemporary urban planning and architectural design. Drawing from our research previously published in the Al-Arbaeen Journal, this article explores a comparative analysis between the expansions of the Holy Masjid al-Haram in Makkah and the spatial perimeter surrounding the Twin Holy Shrines in Karbala. … Read More “Comparative Crowd Dynamics: Analyzing Space Expansion and Flow in Makkah and Karbala” »

Redefining Urban Form: A Multilevel Framework from Regional Planning to Urban Design

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Urban Design & Planning

The evolution of urban form has long been examined through various theoretical lenses. In a recent comprehensive study, we explored the components and elements of urban form, specifically analyzing the pioneering practices and theories of 20th-century European architects and researchers. By synthesis of modern, historical, and sustainable urban planning theories, this research establishes a novel, … Read More “Redefining Urban Form: A Multilevel Framework from Regional Planning to Urban Design” »